-
-
手机阅读
激光测量—在铁路工业中的应用
Research & development
The defined positioning of the OPTIMESS sensors at the side of the rails allows the positions of the wheel sets inside the rail to be measured at high speeds. With several sensors In a line near to points, Information about the running behavior of wheel sets in points can be gathered and used to optimize guiding within the points. The behavior of the wheel set during travel can be recorded by simultaneous measurement of the rail and wheel position. Other applications in R&D are the measurements of rail movements, approach measurements when coupling carriages, side inclination measurements of carriages and detection of the contact wire position.
研究和发展
安装于轨道边的OPTIMESS激光位移传感器，可在高速度下测量铁道内侧机车车轮的位置。靠近测点同一条线上的数个传感器，采集所测的机车车轮运行状况信息，并在测点内优化，同时测量铁轨和轮子的位置，以记录车轮装置的运行状态。其它研发应用有：铁轨的位移测量，车箱耦合测量、车辆倾斜度测量和联接线路位置探测。
Production
Unevenness in the rolling surface requires regrinding of the rails. This grinding result in removal of the hardened areas In the rail head not to mention the high Costs incurred. One large rail manufacturer has been using a non-contact measuring system for years. The rolling surface is measured online by laser sensors during production. With a ruler generated in the software the min and max values are determined analogously with manual measurement. Comparative measurements over a longer period have shown that maximum deviations of 0.05 mm occur between both measurements. In addition the rail unevenness is measured at 90° to the rolling surface. The measuring system has been tested and approved by renowned railway companies.
生产
由于不平坦的起伏表面，轨道需要重新打磨，打磨要求去除钢轨上凸硬部分还要降低成本。一个大型钢轨制造企业多年应用无接触测量系统，在线激光测量轨道表面并将最大和最小值数据采集在软件中，并与模拟手工测量长期比较，结果表明两种测量方法结果最大偏差仅为0.05毫米。另外，轨道表面90O方向不平坦测量系统已通过试验，并得到许多知名铁路公司的批准。
Contact wire measurement
It is important to know the exact position and height of the contact wire for overhead assembly monitoring and overhead assembly installation. Appropriate non-contact contact wire measuring systems have been developed for the Korean High Speed Railway Corporation (KHRC) and the English OLE Alliance. A laser triangulation scanner measures the height and lateral position of the contact wire during travel. Another five laser sensors are installed on the vehicle to measure the inclination of the carriage, the lateral movement of the carriage and the track width. All these data are displayed graphically and logged. The measuring system operates under almost all ambient conditions (rain, extreme heat or frost).
接触线测量
接触线（车顶）位置和高度的准确测量对接触网的监控和安装非常重要。恰当的无接触的接触线测量系统已经为韩国高速铁路公司（KHRC）和英国OLE联盟所采用。激光三角扫描仪在运行中在线测量接触线的高度和侧面位置，另外5个激光传感器安装于车箱上，用于测量车箱的倾斜度、侧面位移和轨道间距，所有的这些数据都可以图形显示，这套测量系统几乎可在任何环境下操作（下雨、高温或结霜天气）
Rail profile measurement
For classification of the state of wear of the rail head and evaluation of the necessary maintenance work, measuring vehicles are equipped with laser sensors in which 5 to 7 sensors per rail side are positioned around the rail head. Measured values are recorded every 20 cm at these points at about SO mph and compared with the nominal profile in the computer. The computer classifies the deviations according to given tolerance values. The movements of the measuring vehicle superposed on the measured values are compensated mathematically in the computer.
轨道外形测量
为了对铁轨顶面磨损状况分级并且对必要的维修工作进行估价，测量车在每侧轨道上方安装5-7个激光传感器，以每小时80英里速度运行，每隔20cm记录测量数据，并与中心计算机储存的标准数据对比，计算机依据给定的偏差值进行分类，并与此测量值迭生的检测车位移数据一并记录存挡在计算机中。
Rail cross section measurement
For the necessary regrinding of the rail profile, the profile Is monitored before, during and after grinding. To do this, either a point measuring OPTIMESS sensor is moved transversely to the direction of travel by a linear unit or laser scanners are used. With the laser scanner the measuring point is scanned along a line over the rail profile and a profile cut along the measuring line is obtained. This -rail section. is compared In the computer with the nominal profile to be produced and the grinding parameters are adjusted accordingly.
轨道叉道段测量。
为了对轨道外形进行必要的打磨，在打磨前中后，外形均需监控。为此，采用OPTIMESS沿轨道横截方向进行点测，或者采用激光扫描装置：测量点沿轨道横向的外形进行扫描检测，此轨道段外形与储存于计算机标准外形对比分析，相应地可调整打磨参数。
Wheel profile measurement
The non-contact measurement of the wheel profile enables, fast, contact less measurement of the parameters for the downstream wheel set processing. A laser sensor is moved along the profile by a linear unit to record the profile. The computer picks up the profile by simultaneous recording of the travel distance and the laser distance values and then the characteristic variables such as wheel flange thickness, wheel flange height, wheel flange width, qr dimension and wheel gauge are measured. The systems which are also used on tramways and underground railways were developed in co-operation with German Railways and integrated directly in wheel set processing machines so that pre-dimensioning, machining and post-dimensioning is possible with one machine. In addition a mobile laser-wheel profile measuring system for the workshop is available.
车轮外形测量
无接触测量车轮外形，可以快捷准确地无直接接触测量车轮组参数。一个激光传感器沿着车轮外形作线性运动并记录表面数据，计算机通过记录扫描运行距离和激光距离数值得出车轮表面外形数据，以及特征变化参数，例如车轮轮缘厚度、高度、宽度，方位及车轮规格尺寸。并且，通过与德国铁路公司合作开发，此系统同时应用于电车轨道和地铁轨道测量，向前向后运动并直接集成于同一车轮装备。另外，还作为一款车间移动激光--车轮外形测量系统。
Wheel set measuring stands
If only the characteristic variables of the wheel profile are determined in the application described above, the use of several sensors on a 2 or 3-axle drive unit allows almost all parameters of the wheel set such as profile, impact, brake disks, flattening etc. to 6e measured. All parameters to be measured are determined, measured automatically and logged by entering the wheel set Identification. The flexibility of the laser sensor in terms of dimensions, measuring distance and measuring range also allows the conversion or retrofitting of existing tactile measuring stands.
车轮组测量系统
上述只是车轮外形变化的应用测量，那么在驱动装置上的2轴或3轴方向应用多个传感器几乎可以检测所有参数，比如车轮外形、碰撞、闸盘、平滑度等等，只要输入车轮识别码，所有的被测量参数将自动采集。激光传感器在尺寸、测量距离和测量范围的灵活性，也允许对现有的接触测量装置进行转型或更新。