PROFIBUS知识问答

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小麻籽发表于 2009/7/11 20:00:01 955 查看 1 回复 [上一主题] [下一主题]

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1、Profibus与PROFINET有什么不同？是否有独立接口？
What is the diFFerence between PROFIBUS and PROFINET? Is there any independent interface?
回答：
PROFIBUS是一种基于通信系统的现场总线。PROFINET是一种基于通信系统的以太网并提供一种较简单的方法将自动控制系统集成在广大的公司IT系统中，如MES（制造执行系统）或ERP（企业资源计划）。

自动控制系统供应商同时为PROFIBUS和PROFINET提供接口。
Answer:
PROFIBUS is a Fieldbus based communication system. PROFINET is an Ethernet based communication system and offers an easier way to integrate the Automation systems into the company-wide IT-Systems like MES (Manufacturing Execution Systems) or ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning).
The supplier of Automation systems are offering Interfaces for PROFIBUS as well as for PROFINET.

2、作为设备（即现场仪表仪器）生产商可以通过怎样的开发过程，使设备满足PROFIBUS的总线技术要求？怎样获取相关的技术资料和技术支持！
As the equipment producer (field bus instruments and devices), which approach should we have regarding the development in order for the devices to meet the technical requirements and demands of PROFIBUS? How and where to get the information related and the technical support needed?
回答：
PROFIBUS国际组织已经建立了全球PROFIBUS咨询中心。你可以在www.profibus.com->support->Compentence Centers上找到完整的列表。在北京也成了一家。PROFIBUS咨询中心为设备开发提供支持，熟知PROFIBUS需求，特别是认证程序。
Answer:
PROFIBUS International has established PROFIBUS Competence Centers all over the world. You can find a complete list at www.profibus.com -> support -> Compentence Centers. One is also in Beijing. PROFIBUS Competence Centers offer support for device development and are familiar with the PROFIBUS requirements, especially the certification procedure.

3、若开发了一个PROFIBUS DP从站，有无测试软件？（一致性测试）或测试工具？
If a PROFIBUS DP slave is developed, is there any testing software or testing tools available for consistency?
回答：
PROFIBUS测试实验室已经开发了他们的个人测试软件。请与测试实验室联系。
Answer:
The PROFIBUS test labs have developed their individual test software. Please contact a test lab.

4、GSD文件与DTM的区别在哪？
What’s the difference between GSD and DTM?
回答：
GSD描述了设备的技术参数。它真实地满足了工业需求。DTM更加强大、灵活。它是一种非常好的控制现有系统并之后再次进行分支的方法。
Answer:
GSD describes the technical parameters of a device. It really meets the requirements of the industry. DTM is much more powerful and flexible. It is a very good way to take control over an existing system and afterwards branch back to it again.

5、在实时修改组态时，有何措施保证因修改出错而确保系统不发生致命性损坏？
When the configuration is being modified in the real time during the installation, what step is involved to ensure to keep the fatal damage from occurring as the result of the modifying of the configuration?
回答：
当下载一个新的组态时，每个人都知道自己在做什么。意识到实际过程有几秒不工作。
Answer:
When downloading a new configuration everyone is aware what he’s doing. Be aware that the real process is not working for several seconds.

6、西门子公司为用户从事PROFIBUS主站或从站设计提供有哪些类别的支持芯片？说明一下各类芯片的特点和适应情况。在国内可以何处获取（购买）？
What kind of chips supportive of PROFIBUS Masters or Slaves from Siemens? Please explain in more detail as to the features and the application cases for various kinds of chips. Where can the customer get (purchase) it in China?
回答（西门子）：
购买PROFIBUS ASIC可以与您当地的中国西门子办事处联系。技术问题可通过德国的PROFIBUS支持中心进行解决（email：comdeo@siemens.com）。
Answer by Siemens:
For buying PROFIBUS ASIC’s please go in contact with your local Siemens office in China. Technical questions can be answered by the PROFIBUS Support Center in Germany (email: comdec@siemens.com).

7、目前“楼宇智能化”也是大势所趋，现场总线在这方面的推广应用有无考虑？
“Building Intelligence” is definitely a tendency. Are there any consideration given in this regards towards the promotion of such technology?
回答：
PROFIBUS主要应用于工厂及过程行业。它也可以用于楼宇自动控制。关键问题是该设备最优化楼宇自动控制主要具有的广泛使用这种分支的总线系统的接口（例如欧洲安装总线（EIB），当地运行网络（LON），bacNET）。
Answer:
PROFIBUS is mainly used in the factory and the process industry. It also can be used in building automation. The key issue is that the devices that are optimized for building automation have mainly interfaces of bus systems that are widely used in this branche (e.g. European installation bus (EIB), Local operating network (LON), bacNET).

8、组态软件，例如step7，其与资产管理软件是不是有相似之处？不同的地方是什么？
For the configuration software, take S7 for example, dose it share similarities with PAM? What’s the difference?
回答（西门子）：
S7，STEP7及PCS7是西门子的品牌。
S7支持一个完整的自动控制系统。
STEP7支持自动控制软件（编程，配置……）。
PCS7则支持DCS系统并包括来自S7的构成，特别是STEP7。资产管理软件（PAM）功能集成在PCS7中。
Answer by Siemens:
S7, STEP 7 and PCS 7 are Brand names of Siemens.
S7 stands for a complete automation system.
STEP 7 stands for the automation software (programming, configuration …)
PCS7 stands for DCS system and includes components from S7, especially STEP7. Plant Asset Management (PAM) functions are integrated into PCS7

9、PROFIBUS协议与标准可到什么机构索取？
Where can we obtain PROFIBUS Protocol and Standard?
回答：
通常只有产品系统供应商及测试实验室需要PROFIBUS协议与规格。PROFIBUS标准本身可通过IEC或国家标准化机构索取。
除了该文献，像“PROFIBUS快速入门”也充足供应。
Answer:
Usually only product and system supplier as well as test labs need PROFIBUS protocols and specifications. The PROFIBUS standard itself is available by IEC or the national Standardization Organizations.
In addition to this literature like “Rapid Way to PROFIBUS” is available and sufficient.

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小麻籽   发表于 2009/7/11 20:00:01

10、谈到现场总线的使用情况时会说某种总线，比如PROFIBUS及Interbus已安装了2000多万个节点，这里“节点”指什么？这意味着它们应用于相关领域的生产吗？
PROFIBUS and Interbus have reached over 20 million nodes together. Does 20 million nodes mean point? Does it imply that they are used in the production related fields?
回答：
术语“节点”是指“设备的数量”而不是I/O点。
只有PROFIBUS能够应用于工厂自动化和过程自动化。大约210万安装了1260万PROFIBUS节点用于过程自动化应用中。
Answer:
The term “node” is identical with “number of devices” but not with IO- points.
Only PROFIBUS can be used for Factory Automation as well as for Process Automation. About 2.1 Million of the installed 12.6 Million PROFIBUS nodes are used for Process Automation applications.

11、PROFIBUS-PA是如何解决冗余问题？
For PROFIBUS PA, how to solve the redundancy problem?
回答：
PROFIBUS具有一个从站设备拥有两个物理总线接口的冗余理念。这两个总线接口能够
a）通过一根总线电缆（从站冗余）连接主站
b）通过一根总线电缆（从站冗余和主站冗余，也称作临时冗余）连接两个主站（初始主站及后备主站）
c）通过两根独立的总线电缆（系统冗余）连接两个主站（初始主站及后备主站）
该理念仅适用于作为物理层的RS485接口。PROFIBUS PA典型地与曼彻斯特总线电力传输（MBP）运行，通过总线电缆产生动力推动设备，因此不会有两个总线接口的冗余从站。所以PROFIBUS PA中可使用两个独立的同种从站。该理念依照依赖于DCS的a），b）或c）进行应用。
Answer:
PROFIBUS has a redundancy concept where one slave device has two physical bus interfaces. These two bus interfaces can be
a) Connected to one master via one bus cable (slave redundancy)
b) Connected to two masters (primary master and backup master) via one bus cable (slave redundancy and master redundancy, also called flying redundancy)
c) Connected to two masters (primary master and backup master) via two separate bus cables (system redundancy).
This concept works only for RS 485 interface as physical layer. PROFIBUS PA works typically with Manchester Bus Powered transmission (MBP) where the devices are powered via bus cable and therefore there is no redundant slave having two bus interfaces. Hence in PROFIBUS PA two separate identical slaves are to be used. The concept that is applied according a), b) or c) depends on the DCS.

12、电力系统产品可以采用PROFIBUS吗？
Are there any PROFIBUS PA application cases for the power stations?
回答：
是的。请参看例如ARC白皮书“过程行业中的PROFIBUS价值陈述”，第12页：“意大利采用PROFIBUS进行发电厂修补”。
英文链接：
http://www.profibus.com/imperia/md/content/pisc/news/ARCWhitePaperValuePropostionofProfibusintheProcessIndustries.pdf
中文链接（第9页）：
http://www.profibus.com/imperia/md/content/pisc/news/ARCWhitePaperValuePropostionofProfibusintheProcessIndustries Chinese.pdf
Answer:
Yes, please see for example ARC White Paper “The Value Proposition of PROFIBUS in the Process Industries”, Page 12: “Italian Power Plant Revamps with PROFIBUS”.
URL English:
http://www.profibus.com/imperia/md/content/pisc/news/ARCWhitePaperValuePropostionofProfibusintheProcessIndustries.pdf
URL Chinese (see Page 9):
http://www.profibus.com/imperia/md/content/pisc/news/ARCWhitePaperValuePropostionofProfibusintheProcessIndustries_Chinese.pdf

13、问一个非技术的问题。据我观察参加本次研讨会的有不少高校学生，说明现场总线也是高校学生研究的热点之一。作为其中一员，我想请问唐教授CPCC有没有开展一些面向在校硕士、博士的实践和培训活动？还想问在座的各大公司如西门子，ABB，E+H有没有提供一些现场总线方面的实习或培训机会？
I have noticed that there are some university students that are participating in this seminar, which indicates that the filed bus field has been the hot area for the students from the universities to pay close attention to. As one of them, I want to address this question to Professor Tang Jiyang from CPCC regarding the practical training and other activities that are directing towards the students working on their Master degrees and Ph.D.s degrees. And what about the companies like Siemens, ABB and E+H?
回答（E+H）：
E+H方面还没有为学生开设专门的PROFIBUS培训。E+H对PROFIBUS的支持可以直接同Lianwang.Dou（lianwang.dou@cn.endress.com）先生联系。
回答（西门子）：
西门子提供有关英语（中文网站正在建立中）PROFIBUS和PROFINET基于网站培训。请参阅：（http://www.sitrain.com/htm. 76/f 11 simaticwbt.html）。
当然，每个当地西门子办事处都会提供有关PROFIBUS和PROFINET支持。
Answer by E+H:
There are no special PROFIBUS trainings for students from E+H side. For PROFIBUS support from E+H side please feel free to contact directly Mr. Lianwang Dou (lianwang.dou@cn.endress.com).
Answer by Siemens:
Siemens offers web based training for PROFIBUS and PROFINET in English language (Chinese language is under work). Please see: (http://www.sitrain.com/html_76/f_11_simaticwbt.html).
Of course every local Siemens office offers support for PROFIBUS or PROFINET.

14、就发展趋势来讲，APC先进控制算法，已内嵌到DCS的现场控制站（如Emerson的Delta V），SIEMENS，ABB的DCS现在能提供类似的技术吗？
As far as the future trend, APC has already been imbedded into the DCS controller in the field (For example, Emerson’s Delta V), Can the DCS from either Siemens or ABB now provide the technology similar to it?
回答（西门子）：
自5.0版本（2001年）以来，西门子DCS Simatic PCS7就可以使用先进过程控制算法（APC）。
Answer by Siemens:
Advanced Process Control (APC) id available for Siemens DCS Simatic PCS7 since Version 5.0 (2001).

15、如果APC算法内嵌到DCS的控制站，那么控制站的基础控制算法（PID等）若能内嵌到带现场总线的现场设备，势必大大增控制站的控制和优化功能。FF目前已具备在现场设备内嵌PID的功能块的功能，PROFIBUS-PA目前没有这样的功能。PROFIBUS-PA今后会解决这个问题吗？
Now that APC is imbedded into the DSC controller, then if PID would be able to be imbedded into the field devices, it would be enhance the control and optimization of the controllers. FF, so far, is capable of imbedding the PID module block. PROFIBUS PA currently has no such functionality. Will PROFIBUS PA solve this problem? There seems nothing mentioned regarding this area in today’s seminar.
回答（西门子）：
控制站没有必要运用PROFIBUS PA，现场总线性能充足并不断增强确保冗余的自动控制的有效性。
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