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Steel industries
无接触激光测量技术在钢铁工业中的应用
激光传感器日益成为在钢铁工业领域中普遍应用于铸造，加工、焊接及机器人等方面的测量工具。它主要针对金属工艺中小尺寸、高频率的测量需求，用于质量监测，不需直接接触金属表面而几乎在任何环境下进行操作。
Casting level control
The increasing automation of casting processes demands a more and more accurate control of the casting level. The filling level Is measured largely by float systems of various kinds. Since these systems are in direct contact with the smelt, they are prone to faults, e.g. due to adhering material. Non-contact laser systems are the perfect solution because in addition to their freedom of contact from the smelt they offer other advantages such as a large measuring range at a great basic distance from the metal surface. The main areas of application are casting level control in smelting furnaces, continuous casting shells, casting gutters, band casting systems and in moulding.
水平连铸控制
铸造工艺自动化的提高要求越来越精确控制水平连铸。填级测量很大程度上依赖于不同种类漂浮系统。但由于这些系统直接接触熔体表面，由于粘接熔体而容易失效。而无接触激光系统提供了完美的解决方案：不直接接触熔体的自由测量特性并提供许多其它优点，比如在金属表面以较大距离进行大范围测量。主要应用领域是熔炉水平连铸的监控，如连铸壳、檐槽，联接件和模具。
Thickness measurement
Two sensor layouts am available basically for the thickness measurement. One sensor is used to r the reference measurement on a roller. The product runs over a roller which is used as a basis for the zero point. The subsequent measurement on the product is setoff against the zero point and output as a thickness. In the thickness measurement with two sensors the product runs between two sensors, one above, one below the material. The difference between the two sensor values gives the thickness. The advantage of this measuring set-up is that the product can move vertically to the direction of travel without causing measuring errors. Air-cooled OPTIMESS sensors are available for measuring warm and hot materials. Traversing thickness measuring systems are available in addition to the stationary thickness measurement with separate measuring tracks.
厚度测量
布置两个传感器是进行厚度测量的基础。首先为一个滚筒指定原点，产品在滚筒上移动，与转轴接触的一面被作为零点，接下来的测量是相对于零点测出一个厚度值。另一种厚度测量，产品在位于其上方和下方的两个传感器之间移动，两个传感器测出的距离差得出产品的厚度值，这种测量装置的优点是产品可以在传送时上下振动时不会发生测量误差。空气冷却的OPTIMESS传感器可以对高温材料进行测量。穿梭厚度测量系统可以实现不同轨道的固定厚度测量。
Geometry measurement
If other dimensions of steel products such as width, length and edge form are to be measured in addition to the mere thickness, this is made possible by combined use of point measuring OPTIMESS and scanning OPTISCAN laser sensors. Length -dependent measurement of the entire slab geometry is performed in combination with a non-contact length measurement. Two scanners each above and below the material pick up the thickness and contour, two point measuring OPTIMESS sensors mounted at the sides determine the width. The profile is measured along the slab by permanent measurement during the passage of the slab.
几何测量
如果产品除厚度外，还需测量宽度、长度和边角，则可以采用点测OPTIMESS和OPTISCAN扫描仪。长度---由无接触长度测量系统独立进行整板几何测量，两个各位于产品上方和下方的扫描仪检测厚度和轮廓，位于产品两侧的两个点测OPTIMESS传感器测定宽度。钢板外形在整板通过在测量架下移动而持续测量。
Levelness measurement
Levelness is an important quality feature of plates. Automatic measuring and control systems are integrated in rolling mills to optimise levelness. Highly accurate axial measurements are necessary to monitor these plants. Such axial measurements can be made during production with non-contact lasers. The height profile can be measured even at high production speeds thanks to the high bandwidth of the OPTIMESS sensors up to 10 kHz. In real plants three OPTIMESS laser sensors measure the levelness (edge-centre-edge) of the red hot band or in the cold area the levelness of high speed rails in two levels. In both cases the surface profile measured by the laser sensors is evaluated and displayed by a special software (Fourieranalysis).
水平度测量
水平度是板材的一个重要质量指标。自动化测量和控制系统集成在滚动线上监控水平度。高精度测量轴对这些车间进行控制是必要的。这种测量轴可以实现无接触激光在线测量。由于OPTIMESS传感器带宽高达10KHZ，高精度外形测量甚至可在高速在线进行。在工厂现场，热端采用三个OPTIMESS传感器测量水平度（边部—中间—边部），或者在冷端在两级高速轨道上测量，在这两种情况下产品表面外形由激光传感器检测并用计算机付立叶软件进行分析评估和显示。
Overlap and welding seam measurement
When welding high-tensile aluminium parts in the aerospace industry the size of the welding seam is also significant in addition to picking up the geometrical position. Using two OPTISCAN sensors adapted to the laser welding system the welding seam volume is calculated and documented in addition to the dimensional accuracy of the welded components. This enables online inspection of the welded parts. Another large field of application is in the ovelap or gap measurement when welding automobile plates. Individual plates are joined either by soldering or laser welding. In both cases it is crucial to the joining process to observe the very narrow component tolerances. Therefore suitable sensors must be used to scan the welding line. Here too OPTIMESS sensors or OPTISCAN laser scanners are used. The welding position is transferred by an advance sensor to the welding control which then adjusts the welding head.
焊接接缝测量
在航空航天工业中，焊接高强度铝合金件时，焊接缝的尺寸和几何位置意义重大。在激光焊接系统中采用两个OPTISCAN传感器，检测焊接尺寸并准确记录存档焊接件位置，可实现焊接件在线检测。另一种主要应用领域是焊接汽车钢板的重叠或间隙检测，单块板材靠锡焊或激光焊接在一起。以上两种情况，观察检测非常细小的公差在整个焊接过程中是非常重要的。因此，恰当的传感器必须应用于扫描焊接线，这时大量应用OPTIMESS或OPTISCAN传感器，焊接位置通过先进的传感器传送焊接控制系统并予以调节焊接头。
Diameter measurem. / Bending radius determination
Laser measuring systems which operate according to the shadow method are normally used for the diameter range up to about 300 mm. Special OPTIMESS sensors have been developed for larger diameters. An OPTIMESS with two integrated receivers allows diameter measurement of steel floors with a radius difference of 2 m. The accuracy of the measurement can be doubled by using two receivers. A measurement up to a diameter of 8 m is possible using four OPTIMESS sensors installed in a cooled housing. Three sensors measure the distance from the tube -starting from a fixed base. The distance values are picked up by OPTI control and the diameter Is determined. The measurement is also possible on red hot surfaces.
直径测量/弯曲半径的确定
影子法激光测量系统通常测量直径范围为300毫米。特殊的OPTIMESS传感器可用于更大的直径测量，一个装配两个接收器的OPTIMESS传感器，可测量一个半径在两米之内的钢板，两个接收器可将测量精确度提高两倍。应用装载在冷却室内的四个OPTIMESS传感器测量直径可达8米。三个传感器可从金属管上固定端起测量距离，同时测量直径，在高温红热的表面上测量也可进行。